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CRISIS IN KATHMANDU: UNDERSTANDING THE UNREST
Background of the Violence
Nepal’s capital, Kathmandu, has been engulfed in flames following the killing of 19 protesters by police. The unrest forced Prime Minister K. P. Sharma Oli to resign, while President Ram Chandra Poudel was moved to a secure, undisclosed location under army protection.
Demonstrations escalated when protesters, largely youth groups, demanded an end to corruption, unemployment, and misgovernance. The Federal Parliament building was set on fire, symbolizing deep public anger against the political class.
Root Causes of the Protests
- Political instability: Nepal has faced frequent changes of government since 2008, with no prime minister completing a full term.
- Corruption and governance failures: Widespread misuse of state power and nepotism have fueled resentment.
- Economic stress: High unemployment and inflation have deepened disillusionment, especially among youth.
- Maoist legacy: Despite the 2006 peace accord, promises of equity and inclusion remain unfulfilled, alienating citizens.
Timeline of Nepal’s Political Struggles
Until 1951: Nepal ruled by monarchs under Rana autocracy.
1996: Maoist insurgency began, leading to a decade-long civil war that killed 17,000 people.
2008: Monarchy abolished; Nepal declared a republic.
2015: New constitution adopted, but sparked discontent among marginalized groups.
2018–2024: Political volatility with repeated changes in prime ministers.
Current Developments
Protesters have targeted political institutions, calling for resignation of top leaders and systemic reforms.
The army has been deployed, but its long-term role remains uncertain. It may facilitate dialogue or impose strict order depending on developments.
Opposition parties are reconsidering their parliamentary roles, while former King Gyanendra has issued appeals for calm, though monarchy’s return appears unlikely.
Regional and International Implications
India: Closely watching due to open borders, trade ties, and cultural linkages. Political chaos in Nepal risks spillover effects into northern India.
China: Concerned about maintaining influence, particularly in infrastructure projects under the Belt and Road Initiative.
Global concerns: Kathmandu’s unrest highlights the fragility of young democracies in South Asia, raising fears of authoritarian relapse or prolonged instability.
FAQs
1. Who are the main protesters in Kathmandu?
Mostly young Nepalese, including student groups and unemployed youth, angry about corruption, unemployment, and lack of accountability.
2. Why did PM K. P. Sharma Oli resign?
His government was unable to control the protests, and mounting deaths of civilians eroded legitimacy, forcing him to step down.
3. What role is the army expected to play?
The army is providing security in key areas and may mediate political dialogue but is unlikely to directly take over governance unless chaos deepens.
4. Could monarchy return in Nepal?
While some protesters have nostalgic sentiments, a full return to monarchy is improbable. However, calls for stronger leadership show disillusionment with the current democratic system.
5. What is the significance for India and China?
For India, stability in Nepal is vital due to security, migration, and water-sharing concerns. For China, political stability is necessary to safeguard its investments and influence.