Understanding the UN High-Level Conference on the Two-State Solution

UN High-Level Conference on the Two-State Solution: Key Insights

Overview

The UN high-level conference aims to advance international consensus on a peaceful resolution of the Israel-Palestine conflict through a two-state solution. Over 120 countries and agencies are expected to participate, discussing actionable steps proposed by eight working groups that have engaged with member states and civil society.

FAQs

1. Why is India participating in this conference?
India supports a negotiated two-state solution and views the conference as an opportunity to contribute constructively to global peace efforts. India has historically backed the Palestinian cause and sees this platform as a chance to reaffirm its balanced and principled approach to the conflict.

2. What is the two-state solution and why is it important?
The two-state solution envisions an independent State of Palestine coexisting peacefully with Israel, based on secure and mutually agreed borders. It remains the most widely supported international framework for ending the conflict and ensuring long-term peace in the region.

3. Has India always supported the Palestinian cause?
Yes. India has consistently expressed solidarity with the Palestinian people and endorsed the creation of a viable, sovereign Palestinian state. Simultaneously, India maintains growing diplomatic and strategic relations with Israel, adopting a calibrated and balanced policy.

4. Why did India abstain from the recent UN vote on a ceasefire?
India abstained from the June 2025 UN General Assembly vote on an immediate and unconditional ceasefire, likely due to the evolving nature of the Gaza conflict and its broader diplomatic implications. However, India has repeatedly called for restraint, adherence to international law, and protection of civilians.

5. How is India balancing its ties with Israel and Palestine?
India supports Israel’s right to self-defence against terrorism while emphasizing that civilian populations must be protected and international humanitarian law upheld. At the same time, India has reaffirmed its unwavering support for Palestinian statehood and its deep-rooted people-to-people ties with Palestinians.

6. What is India’s official position on the two-state solution?
India supports the establishment of a sovereign, independent, and viable Palestine within secure and recognised borders, coexisting in peace with Israel. This position has been reiterated in Parliament and at the UN Security Council.

7. Why is the US opposing this conference?
The US has warned that the timing of the conference could disrupt ongoing diplomatic efforts to de-escalate the Gaza war and secure the release of hostages. It has condemned France’s decision to recognise Palestine and will not participate in the conference, alongside Israel.

8. What role is France playing in this conference?
France is co-chairing the conference with Saudi Arabia and has announced its recognition of Palestine, becoming the first G7 nation to do so. France aims to provide momentum to the implementation of a two-state solution through structured international dialogue.

9. What level of Indian participation is expected?
While India’s exact level of participation is yet to be finalised, it is already consulting with the eight working groups of the conference and is expected to share detailed inputs. India has expressed hope that the initiative will pave the way for concrete outcomes.