Online Classes
Pakistan-Bangladesh relations and regional geopolitics
1. Why is Ishaq Dar’s visit to Dhaka considered historic?
It was the first visit by a Pakistani foreign minister to Bangladesh since 2012. The visit led to agreements on visa exemption for diplomats, cultural exchange, cooperation between media agencies, research institutions, and trade promotion. It marked a revival of ties after decades of strained relations.
2. What role did the ouster of Sheikh Hasina play in this shift?
During Sheikh Hasina’s tenure, Bangladesh maintained close ties with India and kept Pakistan at arm’s length due to 1971 memories. After her exit in August 2024, the interim government under Muhammad Yunus signaled a more balanced foreign policy, opening space for Pakistan to reconnect with Dhaka.
3. What economic cooperation is being pursued?
The two nations resumed direct trade in February 2025 with rice shipments. They also plan to set up a Pakistan-Bangladesh Business Council and a Trade and Investment Commission. Bangladesh offers opportunities in textiles, while Pakistan has strengths in agriculture, IT, and pharmaceuticals. Direct flights and shipping services are being restarted.
4. How does the 1971 Liberation War affect present relations?
The legacy of atrocities committed by Pakistan’s military during the 1971 war continues to influence Bangladeshi public opinion. Many in Bangladesh demand a formal apology from Pakistan. Islamabad has so far resisted, with Ishaq Dar urging both nations to “move together” instead. This remains a major hurdle.
5. How are political parties in Bangladesh responding?
Dar held meetings with BNP, Jamaat-e-Islami, and other parties, suggesting Pakistan wants to engage across the political spectrum. However, civil society voices, especially youth, strongly insist that historical justice for 1971 cannot be bypassed.
6. What role do external powers play in shaping this relationship?
India: Traditionally Bangladesh’s closest partner, but its influence has declined post-Hasina. India views Pakistan’s outreach cautiously, as it could alter South Asia’s power balance.
China: Both Pakistan and Bangladesh are part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Beijing could facilitate connectivity and infrastructure, potentially deepening Dhaka-Islamabad ties while challenging India’s position.
7. What challenges remain in building stronger ties?
- Historical mistrust over 1971.
- Domestic public opinion in Bangladesh demanding accountability.
- The balancing act both nations must perform between India, China, and other regional players.
- Sustaining momentum beyond symbolic visits and agreements.
8. How could closer Bangladesh-Pakistan ties reshape South Asia?
If trade, cultural exchanges, and connectivity projects materialize, South Asia could see a new alignment, with Bangladesh no longer seen as solely within India’s orbit. This could diversify regional partnerships but also intensify India-Pakistan rivalry in Bangladesh’s foreign policy space.