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WTO Fishing Deal Explained (2025)
The World Trade Organization (WTO) reached a landmark agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, widely regarded as its first major environmental accord. The deal, which came into force in 2025 after decades of negotiations, aims to curb harmful practices that deplete Global Fish Stocks and threaten Marine Biodiversity.
Main Features
Long Negotiation History
Discussions began in 2001; consensus was finally reached in June 2022.
Ban on Illegal Fishing Subsidies
Prohibits subsidies to vessels or operators engaged in illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing or targeting overfished stocks.
Nature of Subsidies
Governments often provide support like free fishing nets, low-interest loans for boats, or subsidized fuel. These inputs reduce costs and encourage overfishing.
Universal Scope
All WTO members are required to comply, though exemptions exist for least-developed countries.
High Seas Regulation
Subsidies for unregulated fishing in international waters are also prohibited.
Broad Membership Support
Over 100 WTO members—including the US, EU, and China—have accepted the deal.
Non-Participating Nations
Some countries, including India and Indonesia, have withheld acceptance, citing the need to protect small-scale fishermen’s livelihoods.
Significance
• Aims to protect marine ecosystems from depletion.
• Reduces the unfair advantage of heavily subsidized fishing nations.
• Balances ecological sustainability with trade fairness.
FAQs
1. Why was this deal necessary?
Because global fish stocks face severe depletion due to overfishing, often fueled by harmful subsidies.
2. How will developing countries be affected?
Major fishing powers lose subsidy advantages, but developing nations argue that restrictions may negatively impact traditional fishermen.
3. Why did India resist the deal?
India wants flexibility to safeguard its small fishermen who depend on government support for survival.
4. How does this deal connect to climate and environment?
It prevents marine resource exhaustion, ensuring food security and ecological balance.
5. Is this agreement final?
It is binding but considered the first phase. Negotiations continue to expand its coverage to all harmful subsidies.
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